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- <text id=93CT1820>
- <title>
- Paraguay--History
- </title>
- <history>
- Compact ALMANAC--CIA Factbook
- South America
- Paraguay
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>CIA World Factbook</source>
- <hdr>
- History
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Pre-Columbian civilization in the fertile, wooded region that
- is now Paraguay consisted of numerous seminomadic,
- Guarani-speaking tribes of Indians, who were recognized for
- their fierce warrior traditions. They practiced a mythical
- polytheistic religion, which later proved amenable to blending
- with Christianity.
- </p>
- <p> The Spanish explorer, Juan de Salazar founded Asuncion on the
- Feast Day of the Assumption, August 15, 1537. The city
- eventually became the center of a Spanish colonial province
- encompassing most of southern South America. Paraguay
- eventually declared its independence by overthrowing the local
- Spanish authorities in May 1811.
- </p>
- <p> The country's formative years were dominated by three strong
- leaders: Jose Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia (1814-40), Carlos
- Antonio Lopez, (1841-62), and his son, Francisco Solano Lopez.
- The latter waged a war against Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil
- (War of the Triple Alliance, 1864-70) in which Paraguay lost
- half its population, and Brazilian troops subsequently occupied
- it until 1874. From 1880 until 1904, a succession of presidents
- governed Paraguay under the banner of the Colorado Party. The
- Liberal Party seized control of the government in 1904 and
- ruled, with only a brief interruption, until 1940.
- </p>
- <p> Throughout the 1930s and 1940s, Paraguayan politics were
- characterized by the Chaco war, civil war, dictatorships, and
- periods of extreme political instability. Gen. Alfredo
- Stroessner assumed power in May 1954. He was elected to
- complete the unexpired term of his predecessor and was
- subsequently reelected president in 1958, 1963, 1968, 1973,
- 1978, 1983, and 1988.
- </p>
- <p> He ruled the country almost continuously under the
- state-of-siege provision of the constitution. When invoked,
- usually in political cases, state-of-siege measures effectively
- set aside habeas corpus and other legal guarantees.
- </p>
- <p> The Colorado Party, the military, and the government
- bureaucracy were the pillars of the Stroessner regime. The
- Liberal Party and the Revolutionary Febrerista Party, officially
- recognized in 1964, participated in the nationwide municipal
- elections in 1965. In 1966, another group of Liberals, known as
- the Radical Liberal Party, were permitted to participate, with
- other opposition parties, in the elections for delegates to a
- constituent constitutional convention. A new constitution was
- promulgated on August 25, 1967.
- </p>
- <p> On February 3, 1989, General Stroessner was overthrown in a
- military coup headed by Gen. Andres Rodriguez, who scheduled
- presidential and congressional elections for May 1. He was
- nominated as Colorado Party candidate and easily won. Seven
- other political parties ran candidates even though some of the
- parties were new to the democratic process and had little time
- to organize effective campaigns. The next general elections are
- scheduled for 1993.
- </p>
- <p>Current Political Conditions
- </p>
- <p> Paraguay's two major traditional political parties, the
- Colorado and the Liberal Parties, have each ruled the country
- for prolonged periods. Fundamentally, little ideological
- difference exists between the two parties.
- </p>
- <p> Following his 1989 coup, Gen. Rodriguez immediately began
- implementing his promises of bringing democracy and a respect
- for human rights to Paraguay. Newspapers and radio stations
- closed by Stroessner were allowed to reopen and broadcast
- freely. Previously unrecognized and newly created political
- parties were given legal status. Dozens of independent labor
- unions were recognized. Candidates for congressional seats and
- the presidency were allowed to campaign freely. All of the
- major opposition parties decided to participate in the May 1
- elections.
- </p>
- <p> The Colorado Party, as the highest vote getter, received
- two-thirds of the seats in each house of congress, 24 out of 36
- seats in the Senate, and 48 out of 72 seats in the Chamber of
- Deputies. The PLRA received 19% of the ballots cast, thus
- obtaining 11 seats in the Senate and 21 in the chamber. The
- Febreristas obtained one seat in the Senate and 2 seats in the
- chamber while the Radical Liberal Party won a single seat in the
- chamber. All other parties were shut out.
- </p>
- <p>Source: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, May
- 1990.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-